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    리눅스 데스크탑

리눅스 데스크탑 - 배포판별 패키지 관리 방법, 패키지 관리 툴, Package Management Cheatsheet
이 름 : 바다아이   |   조회수 : 12951         짧은 주소 : https://www.bada-ie.com/su/?791591831058
The first table lists package management tasks in the four most popular distribution groups - Debian (including Ubuntu, Linux Mint, elementary OS, Zorin OS and other Debian derivatives), openSUSE, Fedora (including Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Scientific Linux and other Fedora-based distributions), and Mageia and OpenMandriva. In Fedora-based distribution the yum package manager is set to be replaced with dnf at some point in 2015 (starting with Fedora 22), but it looks like most of the dnf package management commands will remain mostly identical to the yum commands (the exceptions being "localinstall" which is not yet implemented in dnf, and "update" which has been deprecated in favour of "upgrade"). Please note: current versions of Ubuntu use apt to manipulate deb packages. However, experimental versions of Ubuntu use the new snap package manager.
 
Task apt (deb)
Debian, Ubuntu
zypp (rpm)
openSUSE
yum/dnf (rpm)
Fedora, CentOS
urpmi (rpm)
Mandriva, Mageia
Managing software        
Install new software from package repository apt-get install pkg zypper install pkg yum install pkg urpmi pkg
Install new software from package file dpkg -i pkg zypper install pkg yum localinstall pkg urpmi pkg
Update existing software apt-get install pkg zypper update -t package pkg yum update pkg urpmi pkg
Remove unwanted software apt-get remove pkg zypper remove pkg yum erase pkg urpme pkg
Updating the system        
Update package list apt-get update
aptitude update
zypper refresh yum check-update urpmi.update -a
Update system apt-get upgrade
aptitude safe-upgrade
zypper update yum update urpmi --auto-select
Searching for packages        
Search by package name apt-cache search pkg zypper search pkg yum list pkg urpmq pkg
Search by pattern apt-cache search pattern zypper search -t pattern pattern yum search pattern urpmq --fuzzy pkg
Search by file name apt-file search path zypper wp file yum provides file urpmf file
List installed packages dpkg -l zypper search -is rpm -qa rpm -qa
Configuring access to software repositories        
List repositories cat /etc/apt/sources.list zypper repos yum repolist urpmq --list-media
Add repository (edit /etc/apt/sources.list) zypper addrepo path name (add repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/) urpmi.addmedia name path
Remove repository (edit /etc/apt/sources.list) zypper removerepo name (remove repo from /etc/yum.repos.d/) urpmi.removemedia media
Slackware and Slackware Based Distributions

The table below lists package management utilities found in Slackware Linux and other Slackware-based distributions. As stated by Patrick Volkerding on several occasions, Slackware is unlikely to ever have any advanced (i.e. dependency-resolving) package management tool, so all installation, upgrade and removal tasks continue to be performed with pkgtools, a set of very simple scripts that haven't changed much in years. Nevertheless, slackpkg, an advanced package management tool which for years had been relegated to the unsupported "extra" repository, was finally made part of Slackware Linux 12.2. It's worth noting that some popular Slackware derivatives, such as VectorLinux, have standardised on slapt-get, another third-party utility imitating the behaviour of Debian's APT, while Zenwalk Linux has introduced its own package management tool called netpkg.
 
Task pkgtools
Slackware
slackpkg
Slackware
slapt-get
Vector
netpkg
Zenwalk
Managing software        
Install new software from package repository -- slackpkg install pkg slapt-get --install pkg netpkg pkg
Install new software from package file installpkg pkg slackpkg install pkg slapt-get --install pkg netpkg pkg
Update existing software upgradepkg pkg slackpkg upgrade pkg slapt-get --install pkg netpkg pkg
Remove unwanted software removepkg pkg slackpkg remove pkg slapt-get --remove pkg netpkg remove pkg
Updating the system        
Update package list -- slackpkg update slapt-get --update (automatic)
Update system -- slackpkg upgrade-all slapt-get --upgrade netpkg upgrade
Searching for packages        
Search by package name -- slackpkg search pkg slapt-get --search pkg netpkg pkg repo
Search by pattern -- slackpkg search pattern slapt-get --search pattern netpkg list | grep pattern
Search by file name -- -- -- netpkg file repo
List installed packages ls /var/log/packages/ ls /var/log/packages/ slapt-get --installed netpk list I
Configuring access to software repositories        
List repositories -- cat /etc/slackpkg/mirrors cat /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc netpkg mirror
Add repository -- (edit /etc/slackpkg/mirrors) (edit /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc) (edit /etc/netpkg.conf)
Remove repository -- (edit /etc/slackpkg/mirrors) (edit /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc) (edit /etc/netpkg.conf)
Independent Linux Distributions

In the next group we have a few (mostly) independent distributions that have been gaining popularity in recent years. Sabayon Linux, although derived from Gentoo, has introduced its own command-line package management utility called equo. Arch Linux's Pacman has been around for a long time and it's often considered one of the fastest package management utilities around. Conary, developed by rPath and popularised by Foresight Linux, is a completely new approach to package management, created by well-known ex-Red Hat engineers with many years of package management experience. In contrast, PiSi, originally developed by Pardus Linux, is a relatively new utility.
 
Task equo
Sabayon
pacman
Arch
conary
rPath, Foresight
apk
Alpine
Managing software        
Install new software from package repository equo install pkg pacman -S pkg conary update pkg apk add pkg
Install new software from package file equo install pkg pacman -U pkg conary update pkg apk add --force pkg
Update existing software equo install pkg pacman -S pkg conary update pkg apk add --upgrade pkg
Remove unwanted software equo remove pkg pacman -R pkg conary erase pkg apk del pkg
Updating the system        
Update package list equo update pacman -Sy   apk update
Update system equo upgrade pacman -Su conary updateall apk upgrade
Searching for packages        
Search by package name equo match pkg pacman -Ss pkg conary query pkg apk search pkg
Search by pattern equo search pattern pacman -Ss pattern conary query pkg apk search pattern
Search by file name equo belongs file pacman -Qo file conary query --path path --
List installed packages equo q list installed pacman -Q conary query apk info
Configuring access to software repositories        
List repositories equo repoinfo cat /etc/pacman.conf   cat /etc/apk/repositories
Add repository   (edit /etc/pacman.conf)   setup-apkrepos
Remove repository   (edit /etc/pacman.conf)   (edit /etc/apk/repositories)
Distribution Agnostic Package Management

Besides standard package management utilities that most distributions use as part of their systems, there are also some distro-agnostic ones that have been deployed with various levels of success in certain distributions. Smart, originally developed by Conectiva, hasn't been in the news lately, but some users seem to prefer it over Mandriva's urpmi or openSUSE's zypper (it also supports Debian and Slackware-based systems). More recently it is Fedora's PackageKit that has been gaining momentum as a way to manage packages across distributions and architectures. Now included in many other distributions, PackageKit's pkgcon command-line utility is effectively a unified front-end to the native package management tools of Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE, Mandriva and other distributions.
 
Task smart
Mandriva, openSUSE
pkgcon
Fedora, Ubuntu, openSUSE, Mandriva
Managing software    
Install new software from package repository smart install pkg pkcon install pkg
Install new software from package file smart install pkg pkcon install-file pkg
Update existing software smart install pkg pkcon update pkg
Remove unwanted software smart remove pkg pkcon remove pkg
Updating the system    
Update package list smart update pkcon refresh
Update system smart upgrade pkcon upgrade
Searching for packages    
Search by package name smart search pkg pkcon search name pkg
Search by pattern smart search pattern pkcon search details pattern
Search by file name smart query file pkcon what-provides file
List installed packages smart query --installed pkcon search name pkg | grep Installed
Configuring access to software repositories    
List repositories smart channel --show pkcon repo-list
Add repository smart channel --add name path  
Remove repository smart channel --remove name  
Source Based Distributions

Next, a table for source-based distributions. Gentoo's Portage is well-documented and widely used, but other distributions that are designed to be built from scratch don't often feature in the Linux media, so their package management systems are not particularly well-known. Sorcerer, which existed even before Gentoo Linux was conceived, uses Bash scripts to "cast spells" or download, install and compile packages. Sorcerer was later forked into Lunar Linux and Source Mage GNU/Linux, both of which are included in the table below. Unfortunately, Sorcerer doesn't offer much in terms of online documentation so it has been omitted for now.
 
Task portage
Gentoo
lunar
Lunar
sorcery
Source Mage
Managing software      
Install new software from package repository emerge pkg lin pkg cast pkg
Install new software from package file      
Update existing software emerge pkg lin pkg cast pkg
Remove unwanted software emerge -aC pkg lrm pkg dispel pkg
Updating the system      
Update package list emerge --sync lin moonbase scribe update
Update system emerge -NuDa world lunar update sorcery upgrade
Searching for packages      
Search by package name emerge --search pkg lvu search pkg gaze search -name pkg
Search by pattern emerge --search pattern lvu search pattern gaze search pattern
Search by file name equery belongs pkg   gaze from file
List installed packages qlist -I lvu installed gaze installed
Configuring access to software repositories      
List repositories layman -L -- scribe index
Add repository layman -a repo -- scribe add repo
Remove repository layman -d repo -- scribe remove repo
Nix OS (nix), Void (xbps) and Ubuntu (snap)

Some distributions, e.g. NixOS, Void and Ubuntu have been developing their own binary package management systems with some interesting and innovative features. Here is a summary of useful commands as used by these projects for managing packages.
 
Task nix
NixOS
xbps
Void
snap
Ubuntu
Managing software      
Install new software from package repository nix-env -i pkg xbps-install pkg snap install pkg
Install new software from package file -- -- --
Update existing software nix-env -u pkg xbps-install -u pkg snap refresh pkg
Remove unwanted software nix-env -e pkg xbps-remove pkg snap remove pkg
Updating the system      
Update package list nix-channel --update xbps-install -S --
Update system nix-env -u xbps-install -u --
Searching for packages      
Search by package name nix-env -qa pkg xbps-query -Rs pkg snap find pkg
Search by pattern nix-env -qa pattern xbps-query -Rs pattern snap find | grep pattern
Search by file name -- xbps-query -o file --
List installed packages nix-env -q xbps-query -l snap list
Configuring access to software repositories      
List repositories nix-channel --list xbps-query -L --
Add repository nix-channel --add url name (add to /etc/xbps/repo.d/ or /usr/share/xbps/repo.d/) --
Remove repository nix-channel --remove name (edit /etc/xbps/repo.d/ and /usr/share/xbps/repo.d/) --
FreeBSD

Finally, a table for FreeBSD, a popular operating system offering both binary and source package management.
 
Task packages
FreeBSD < 10.0
packages
FreeBSD 10.0+
ports
FreeBSD
Managing software      
Install new software from package repository pkg_add -r package pkg install package cd port_dir && make && make install
Install new software from package file pkg_add path_to_package pkg add path_to_package --
Update existing software pkg_add path_to_package pkg install path_to_package portupgrade -R pkg
Remove unwanted software pkg_delete pkg pkg remove pkg pkg_delete pkg
Updating the system freebsd-update fetch install freebsd-update fetch install portsnap fetch install
Update package list   pkg update csup -L 2 -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org path_to_supfile
portsnap update
Update system   pkg upgrade portupgrade -a
portmanager -u
portmaster -a
Searching for packages      
Search by package name   pkg search package cd /usr/ports && make search pkg
Search by pattern   pkg search pattern cd /usr/ports && make search pattern
Search by file name      
List installed packages pkg_info pkg info pkg_info
Configuring access to software repositories      
List repositories -- -- --
Add repository -- -- --
Remove repository -- -- --

 Copyright © 2018 DistroWatch.com.

 Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this copyright notice is preserved.


출처 : https://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=package-management
 
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번 호 카테고리 제 목 이름 조회수
248 리눅스 데스크탑 6.14 ... experimental .. !! !!! .. 바다아이 314
247 리눅스 데스크탑 testing, sid, backports surfshark vpn , ...  바다아이 304
246 리눅스 데스크탑 libreoffice hwp ... libreoffice-h2orestart hwp ... 바다아이 394
245 리눅스 데스크탑 .... wine install 바다아이 359
244 리눅스 데스크탑 surfshark vpn .... ..... 바다아이 348
243 리눅스 데스크탑 debian ... 바다아이 450
242 리눅스 데스크탑 unstable testing stable .... ... 바다아이 772
241 리눅스 데스크탑 6.12.9+bpo-amd64... VirtualBox 7.1.6 for Linux.. amd-v .... SVM(Secure Virtual Machine) 바다아이 441
240 리눅스 데스크탑 uuid .... fstab uuid ... blkid 바다아이 467
239 리눅스 데스크탑 ... path ... 바다아이 458
238 리눅스 데스크탑 debian backports .... ?? 바다아이 475
237 리눅스 데스크탑 .... . ... chrome password 바다아이 544
236 리눅스 데스크탑 Wine completely broken - wine: could not load kernel32.dll, status c0000135 바다아이 481
235 리눅스 데스크탑 ... ... ... 바다아이 1429
234 리눅스 데스크탑 debian trixie media-downloader ... ... 바다아이 537
233 리눅스 데스크탑 .... qt5 build-essential 바다아이 481
232 리눅스 데스크탑 archlinux lightdm .... 바다아이 565
231 리눅스 데스크탑 ... archinstall... .. 바다아이 672
230 리눅스 데스크탑 .... pacman -Suy ... 바다아이 872
229 리눅스 데스크탑 archlinux... Libalpm.so.14 error after updating to pacman 7 바다아이 955
228 리눅스 데스크탑 ... 바다아이 1603
227 리눅스 데스크탑 .... 바다아이 1375
226 리눅스 데스크탑 libreoffice hwp , ... 바다아이 1687
225 리눅스 데스크탑 uefi .... . 바다아이 1837
224 리눅스 데스크탑 mkfs ... .. 바다아이 1782
223 리눅스 데스크탑 ... hd 4600.. Ubuntu Intel graphics driver install, 바다아이 4120
222 리눅스 데스크탑 virtualbox ... ntfs.sys ... virtualbox .. 바다아이 4266
221 리눅스 데스크탑 , 10 ... archlinux, window10 dual-boot 바다아이 4065
220 리눅스 데스크탑 , .... ... 바다아이 5111
219 리눅스 데스크탑 Installation from WineHQ's repo, debian wine ... 바다아이 5603
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